Argentina and Iran to join BRICS

Iran and Argentina seek to join the Brazil-Russia-India-China-South Africa economic bloc known as BRICS.

In 2022 the GDP Purchasing Power Parity (PPP) of the 5 existing members of BRICS is greater than that of the G7 bloc.

Argentina has applied to join BRICS. President Alberto Fernandez on Friday urged the creation of cooperation mechanisms that could represent the alternative to ostensibly private institutions run by – and in the interest of – the West.

The Islamic Republic of Iran has also officially submitted its application to join the group of five leading economies made up of Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa, the foreign ministry in Tehran announced on Monday. The move comes after the Iranian president addressed the BRICS summit last week.

^{(** see below for PPP explained)}

Sources: CGTN and RT

** What is Purchasing Power Parity?

“Purchasing power parity (PPP) is a form of exchange rate that takes into account the cost of a common basket of goods and services in the two countries compared. Thus, the PPP between any two currencies is the measure of the actual purchasing power of those currencies at a given point in time for buying a given basket of goods and services. As the World Bank explained in its 2002 report The International Comparison Programme and Purchasing Power Parities, the PPP for, say, the Indonesian rupiah against the U.S. dollar is defined as the number of rupiahs needed to buy, in Indonesia, the same amount of goods and services as $1 (U.S.) would buy in the United States.”

(Encyclopedia of Social Measurement, 2005)

BRICS indispensable for the collective interests of developing countries

The following article, by Friends of Socialist China co-editor Carlos Martinez, is a slightly expanded version of a piece written for Global Times and published on 20 June 2022. Carlos writes about what to expect from the forthcoming BRICS Summit, which will be hosted by China on 24 June 2022, and discusses the global significance of BRICS in terms of the pursuit of a democratic and multipolar system of international relations.

The 14th BRICS Summit, to be held virtually on 24 June, comes at a crucial moment, as the US is escalating and expanding its New Cold War. While waging a proxy war in Ukraine with a view to inflicting a heavy blow against Russia, the US and its allies are also stepping up their anti-China rhetoric, recklessly undermining the One China principle, sending warships and spy planes to Chinese waters and airspace, and reviving their despicable slanders about the human rights situation in Xinjiang.

The Ukraine crisis has exposed important fault-lines in the so-called rules-based international order. The US has been able to persuade its European and Anglo-Saxon allies to impose unprecedented sanctions on Russia – at significant cost to ordinary people in those countries, who now face a cost of living crisis that threatens to drive millions into poverty. These sanctions, and the provision of heavy weaponry to Kyiv, are aimed not at resolving the conflict but prolonging it.

However, most countries of the developing world have rejected the West’s strategy of division and escalation. China’s principled opposition to unilateral sanctions and its emphasis on a negotiated solution to the crisis are well known. India, which the US has long sought to cultivate as a stable ally and stalking horse against China, has also been firm in its opposition to sanctions against Russia. South African president Cyril Ramaphosa incurred the wrath of the Western media when he stated the blunt truth that the Ukraine war was primarily a result of NATO expansion. Even Brazil, while tending under its current government to side with the US, is taking a position of neutrality in relation to Ukraine.

Thus the BRICS countries are basically aligned when it comes to the current crisis in Europe. This is emblematic of an emerging pattern of coordination among the BRICS and among developing countries more generally.

In addition to being large countries in terms of population, land mass and economic activity, the BRICS countries to a certain extent represent whole geographical regions – Latin America, Africa, South Asia, East Asia, North Asia and Eastern Europe. With China actively supporting both the expansion of BRICS and the development of ‘BRICS Plus’, the BRICS family is set to become an indispensable forum for the collective interests of the developing and emerging countries.

What are these shared interests? Certainly they include increasing trade and investment – indeed the term ‘BRIC’ was originally coined by Goldman Sachs economist Jim O’Neill in 2001, to identify the most important high-growth markets at that time. However, the BRICS group (with South Africa joining in 2010) has acquired an importance that goes beyond economics.

All the BRICS member states have a historical background of being oppressed by imperialism and/or providing crucial assistance to the anti-colonial liberation struggles. They have all suffered under an imperialist world system which has concentrated wealth and power in a handful of rich countries, whilst marginalising others. As such, anti-hegemonic ideas are deeply entrenched in each of these countries, and the work of the BRICS forum is to a considerable degree focused on joining hands to oppose hegemonism and support multilateralism and sovereign development.

This historical and political character makes BRICS profoundly different to Western-led blocs such as NATO. The basic role of NATO is to consolidate, defend and expand US hegemonism; to carry out the Project for a New American Century. Meanwhile the purpose of the recently-launched AUKUS is, as Wang Yi pointed out recently, “to maintain the US-led system of hegemony and compromise the overall and long-term interests of countries in the region.”

The historic mission of BRICS is essentially the opposite: to consolidate, defend and expand a multipolar international order, based on international law and the United Nations; to overcome centuries of underdevelopment and entrenched inequality between Global North and Global South. As former Brazilian President Dilma Rousseff put it recently, developing countries are under-represented in the international institutions, and “BRICS and the G20 are initiatives that seek to reduce this unfair asymmetry.”

At the BRICS foreign ministers’ meeting on 19 May this year, President Xi Jinping summed up the high-level tasks facing the BRICS countries: to deepen cooperation, oppose hegemonism, reject Cold War mentality and bloc confrontation, and work together to contribute to the vision of building a community with a shared future for mankind.

The 14th BRICS Summit can be expected to carry these themes forward, to contribute to the construction of a fair, democratic and multipolar system of international relations; and to forcefully represent the voice of the developing and emerging countries on the crucial questions facing humanity.

How to construct a lasting world peace? How to prevent climate breakdown? How to defeat Covid-19 and prevent future pandemics? How to wipe out poverty? Such questions simply cannot be solved in a context where a handful of rich countries – posing as “the international community” – impose their will on the world. BRICS and BRICS-Plus are powerful instruments for the construction of a democratic and just system of international relations.

Source: https://socialistchina.org/2022/06/20/brics-indispensable-for-the-collective-interests-of-developing-countries/